What question did this study set out to answer?

This expression of concern addresses ethical approval and data integrity in the reported study.

May 30, 2026Open Access

Expression of concern: “Relationships of mathematics achievement with self-determined motivation and mathematics anxiety among senior two students in Northern Rwanda” Heliyon 9 (2023) e15411

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

An official investigation could not confirm ethical approval and identified data discrepancies and potential plagiarism in the article 'Relationships of mathematics achievement with self-determined motivation and mathematics anxiety among senior two students in Northern Rwanda'. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Key Points

This expression of concern addresses ethical approval and data integrity in the reported study.
Post-publication investigation by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team.
Assessment of ethical approval compliance according to journal policy.
Review of reported sample data for inconsistencies between manuscript versions.
Ethical approval status of the research could not be confirmed.
Discrepancies were noted in sample data between original and revised manuscript versions.

Abstract

This Expression of Concern relates to the above article. A post-publication investigation conducted by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team on behalf of the journal could not confirm whether or not ethical approval was given for the research presented in this publication in line with the journal's policy. Additionally, discrepancies were noticed in the reported sample data between the original and revised versions of the manuscript. The investigation also identified similarities between this article and the following publication:

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