Preparation of Efficient Photocatalytic Systems of MW:BVO Modified by Ti ₃ C ₂ (TiO ₂ ) and FeCoOOH through the Rational Design of the Energy Band Structure and Interface Engineering

BiVO4 is a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting, but its practical application is limited by insufficient light utilization, rapid charge recombination, and serious V5+ leaching-induced photocorrosion. To address these issues, a MW:BVO/Ti3C2(TiO2)@FeCoOOH composite photoanode was fabricated via a co-doping and in situ composite strategy. Distinct from conventional modification methods, hand-fan-like Ti3C2 not only provides high-speed electron transport channels but also forms a unique semi-encapsulated structure, which enhances light-harvesting through multiple light scattering and inhibits TiO2 aggregation. In situ derived TiO2 couples with MW:BVO to construct a Z-scheme heterojunction, realizing efficient charge separation. Moreover, the FeCoOOH bimetallic co-catalyst exhibits a synergistic effect superior to single FeOOH/CoOOH, improving hole injection efficiency and inhibiting V5+ leaching via strong interfacial bonding. Benefiting from these integrated advantages, the optimized photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 6.0 mA cm–2 at 1.23 V vs RHE with excellent long-term stability. This work provides a multifunctional modification strategy for high-performance anticorrosion BiVO4-based photoanodes.