Phase-Transition-Coupled Optical-Electrical Dual-Channel Thermochromic Temperature Sensor: Wood-Derived Porous Framework for Data-Driven Wide-Range Quantitative Monitoring

The development of multifunctional temperature sensors capable of simultaneous visual indication and quantitative readout remains challenging, particularly within bioderived porous materials that often suffer from structural instability and limited sensing range. Here, we report a dual-channel thermosensing platform constructed within a delignified-wood-derived porous framework, integrating thermochromic microcapsules and vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanoparticles to enable coupled optical and electrical responses across 20–90 °C. The hierarchical porous architecture accommodates both organic and inorganic functional components, allowing reversible phase-transition-assisted electrical conduction alongside nonlinear optical color evolution. To decode the complex spectral–temperature relationship of the thermochromic channel, a data-driven regression strategy was employed to establish a quantitative mapping model. The optical channel achieved a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.79 °C for temperature prediction within the calibrated range, while the electrical channel exhibited reproducible resistance transitions with a temperature deviation within ±1 °C at calibrated points. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations further elucidated the intrinsic lattice evolution of VO2 during the phase transition, consistent with the experimentally observed resistance modulation. This work demonstrates a platform strategy based on sustainable porous materials for integrating multiphysics thermosensing.