Research on a Novel Counterweight‐Type Retaining Pile and Structural System Capable of Constraining Lateral Displacement

Conventional retaining structures mainly emphasize overall stability, yet their efficacy in restricting displacement and deformation remains relatively limited. To meet the engineering demand for high embankment stabilization and lateral deformation control in highway projects, this study proposes a novel retaining structure based on classical earth pressure theory. The proposed structure can substantially improve the retaining performance, reduce the concrete consumption of support piles, and cut down the construction cost. The system is realized by arranging one or multiple rigid transverse beams at the middle section of traditional retaining piles, with backfill placed above the beams to provide counterweight. Such a configuration transfers the lateral earth pressure from the embankment and the counterweight pressure from the backfill to the pile–beam connections, thereby achieving moment equilibrium and forming a counterweight‐type retaining system. This article analyzes the external loads and internal force characteristics of the proposed structure. The earth pressure distribution patterns under single‐row and double‐row counterweight beams are discussed, together with the sliding and overturning stability of corresponding structural layouts. On this basis, relevant calculation equations are derived to establish a complete design method for the structure. The developed system and design approach are validated via a case engineering application, where long‐term field monitoring data over multiple years have verified its technical feasibility and reliability. The results demonstrate that the innovative counterweight‐type retaining pile system enriches the existing technical system of geotechnical support and presents considerable application prospects in geotechnical engineering practices.