Uric acid (UA), the final metabolite of human purine catabolism, serves as a pivotal biomarker for metabolic disorders such as gout, hyperuricemia, and renal dysfunction. Deviations from the physiological range (240–520 μM) are directly linked to disease progression, making precise monitoring essential for early diagnosis. In this study, an electrochemical biosensor for UA quantification was constructed by integrating uricase-immobilized porous membranes with hierarchically structured gold nanoflowers (AuNFs). The engineered porous membrane provides effective enzyme entrapment while offering robust anchorage to the nanotextured electrode contacts, thereby enhancing sensing stability and mechanical integrity. This architecture prevents uricase leaching and offers abundant surface area for molecular diffusion. AuNFs with flower-like morphologies were grown in situ via layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte assembly, resulting in a 1.67-fold increase in electroactive surface area compared with the bare electrode. The nanostructured UA sensor demonstrates reliable long-term stability (30 days/4 °C, RSD ≈4.64%). Its superior electrocatalytic performance is reflected in high sensitivity (0.02669 μA μM–1) and a low detection limit (0.998 μM (S/N = 3)). Clinical validation revealed recoveries of 95.30–108.37% in human serum samples. This stable enzymatic platform paves the way for the development of various enzymatic biosensors for biomarkers analysis, advancing predictive diagnostics and personalized chronic disease management.
Dai et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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