Investigating Visual Feedforward for Expanded Selection Areas in Gaze-Based Interfaces ETRA020

Expanding an object’s region in motor space (selection area) using Voronoi tessellation can facilitate the selection of small targets in gaze-based interfaces. While visual feedforward, such as visualizing the selection area, has been shown to improve selection performance in hand-based interfaces, its influence on gaze-based interfaces remains unclear. To address this, we conducted two user studies to examine how visual feedforward affects fixation behavior and selection performance when the centers of a target and its selection area differ. The results reveal that visualizing either the selection area or its center effectively guides users’ gaze toward the center of the selection area, thereby improving selection accuracy. Furthermore, displaying a gaze cursor reduces errors by enabling users to adjust their fixation, even though it does not directly guide gaze toward the center of the selection area.