Association Between Severity of Periodontal Bone Loss and Maxillary Sinus Changes Determined Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography – A Retrospective Study

Aim: This study aimed to determine the association between the severity of periodontal bone loss (PBL) and maxillary sinus mucosal changes using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Archived CBCT records were studied and divided into two groups of 225 scans each- PBL (Group 2) and no bone loss group (Group 1). The Group 2 was further divided into mild, moderate, and severe subgroups. The presence of changes in the maxillary sinus such as antral pseudocyst, sinus polyp and nonspecific opacification, antrolith and periostitis was compared in the two groups and subgroups. Results: Presence of maxillary sinus changes was significantly more in Group 2 (52.9%) than Group 1 (31.5%) ( P = 0.000). No significant relation was found between bone loss severity and occurrence of changes in the maxillary sinus ( P = 0.556). Conclusion: There is an association between PBL and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening, however, it is unrelated to the severity of bone loss.