Protective Effects of Vit D Against BPA-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Alterations in Rat Ileal Peyer’s Patches

Bisphenol A (BPA), an industrial chemical absorbed through the intestines, can induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Vitamin D (Vit D) has been widely investigated for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Vit D against BPA-induced intestinal epithelial damage, inflammatory responses, and disruption of mucosal barrier integrity in rats. Fifty Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups: control (Co), olive oil (Oo), Vit D, BPA, and BPA + Vit D. Rats in the Vit D groups received 400 IU/day Vit D for 30 days, while BPA-treated groups received 25 mg/kg/day BPA via gavage. The BPA + Vit D group showed significant reductions in MDA, TOS, and OSI levels compared with the BPA group (P < 0.05), whereas Vit D administration increased GSH, TAS, SOD, and CAT levels (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IL-6 levels were also significantly decreased in the BPA + Vit D group compared with the BPA group (P < 0.05). CD68 immunohistochemistry revealed a disrupted and irregular distribution of CD68-positive macrophages within Peyer’s patches in the BPA group. These findings suggest that Vit D supplementation attenuates BPA-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory alterations in ileal tissue. CD68(+) cells forms an umbrella-like protection for the Peyer’s patches in the ileum in case co-administration of Vitamin D with BPA. BPA-exposed rats presented histometrical alterations and histopathological deteriorations. The use of Vitamin D in BPA-exposed rats decreases MDA,TOS and OSI levels of ileum. The use of Vitamin D in BPA-exposed rats increases SOD, CAT, GSH, and TAS levels of ileum. The co-administration of Vitamin D with BPA decreases TNF-α and IL-6 levels of ileum.