Traditional superconductivity physics suffers from long-standing fragmentation of physical mechanisms. The BCS phonon pairing theory can describe conventional low-temperature superconductivity, yet it fails to account for novel chiral superconductors such as magic-angle graphene and rhombohedral graphene. Existing academic frameworks only explain unconventional superconductivity via superficial phenomena including symmetry breaking, strong electron correlation, spin fluctuations and topological band structures, lacking a unified fundamental mechanism derived from first principles. Consequently, core physical problems remain unsolved, such as the selectivity of superconducting materials, the origin of time-reversal symmetry breaking in chiral superconductors, and the feasibility of superconductivity in single-electron systems. Based on the original Unified Spiral Dimension Theory, this paper establishes fundamental axioms covering spatial spiral field structure, field coherence, orbital spiral evolution and field torque. It unifies the physical mechanisms of conventional low-temperature superconductivity and unconventional chiral superconductivity. The present work systematically explains the differentiation rule of intrinsic superconductivity in metals, the essential nature of BCS theory as an approximate solution, the superconducting mechanisms of magic-angle graphene and rhombohedral graphene, the origin of time-reversal symmetry breaking, and the formation of spin-triplet chiral Cooper pairs. The research concludes that the fundamental origin of all superconducting phenomena lies in the coherent condensation of electrons along global spiral orbitals. Superconducting systems are classified into two categories according to whether the macroscopic spiral field possesses a globally unified chiral twisted structure. The BCS theory is essentially a low-temperature approximate solution for flat spiral fields with mutually counterbalanced chirality, while chiral superconductivity is an intrinsic steady state of globally unidirectional twisted spiral fields. This study constructs a novel unified physical picture for superconductivity, bridges the long-term theoretical division in superconductivity research, and provides an original theoretical support for the design and fabrication of artificial room-temperature chiral superconductors.
Changquan Li (Thu,) studied this question.