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This study aims to identify effective plant-origin bioactive compounds for controlling Meloidogyne incognita through toxicity and molecular methods.

May 30, 2026

Deciphering the nematicidal potential of plant‐origin bioactive compounds against root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita , through toxicity and molecular approaches

Key Points

This study aims to identify effective plant-origin bioactive compounds for controlling Meloidogyne incognita through toxicity and molecular methods.
Evaluated 16 plant-origin bioactive compounds against Meloidogyne incognita using in vitro, glasshouse, and in silico approaches.
Determined median lethal concentrations (LC50) and assessed interactions with nematode proteins.
Conducted soil drenching experiments to measure egg and adult female reductions.
Isothiocyanates and aldehydes achieved 100% J2 mortality at 24 hours and 88-100% egg mortality at 72 hours.
LC50 values for isothiocyanates and aldehydes were the lowest at 1.1–34.5 μg mL −1, while fatty acids were the highest at 1441.3–2635.6 μg mL −1.
Soil drenching led to a 71.2–92.5% reduction in egg numbers and a 62.2–84.8% reduction in J2 in soil.

Abstract

Abstract BACKGROUND Eco‐friendly management of Meloidogyne incognita remains a major challenge. Although several plant‐origin bioactive compounds (POBCs) have shown efficacy against M. incognita , comparative evaluation to identify priority candidates for formulation and validation remains limited. This study evaluated bio‐efficacy and potential interaction profiles of 16 POBCs against M. incognita through in vitro , glasshouse and in silico approaches. RESULTS At 500 μg mL −1 , isothiocyanates (allyl‐ and 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate) and several aldehydes (benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, p ‐anisaldehyde, trans ‐cinnamaldehyde) reported strong ovicidal (88–100% egg mortality at 72 h) and nematicidal (100% J 2 mortality at 24 h) responses. Median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) values across POBCs ranged widely (1.1–2635.6 μg mL −1 ), with isothiocyanates and aldehydes showing the lowest LC 50 (1.1–34.5 μg mL −1 ) and fatty acids the highest (1441.3–2635.6 μg mL −1 ). Micromorphological observations of treated J 2 revealed translucency changes, straightened posture and progressive intestinal vacuolation after exposure to isothiocyanates, aldehydes and eugenol. Further bioassays confirmed contact and volatile activity for isothiocyanates and aldehydes. Soil drenching at 500 μg mL −1 reduced number of eggs (71.2–92.5%) and adult females per root system (58.3–86.1%), as well as J 2 in soil (62.2–84.8%), and produced lowest gall index (1.67–2.33). Molecular docking against six M. incognita protein targets (Gst‐1, AChE, Col‐1, Msp‐32, Vsp‐2, Hsp‐90) showed favorable binding energies (−2.8 to −8.3 kcal mol −1 ), with H‐bond formation suggesting that potential multitarget interactions may contribute to nematicidal activity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that isothiocyanate‐ and aldehyde‐based POBCs are most promising candidates for developing eco‐friendly nematicides and warrant further biochemical validation, formulation, dose optimization, and field evaluation. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Deciphering the nematicidal potential of plant‐origin bioactive compounds against root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita , through toxicity and molecular approaches

Key Points

Abstract

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