Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Caesalpinea mimosoides : Comparative Evaluation of Leaf and Stem Extracts Using Multiple Solvents

Objectives The objective of this study is to isolate and purify the crude extracts from the stem and leaves of Caesalpinia mimosoides using a solvent-based extraction method and evaluate these extracts for their phytochemical composition. Material and Methods In this study, solvent extractions were performed using a non-polar to polar gradient, starting with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water, on the stem and leaves of Caesalpinia mimosoides . The phytochemical profiling of the different solvent extracts from the stem and leaves of the plant was conducted using UPLC-MS/MS. Results The yield of stem extraction ranged from 0.6-6%. Compared to the yield of leaf extract, which ranges from 1.4-14%. Phytochemical analysis of stem extracts identified saponin (celosin F) as the most abundant compound in hexane extract, glycoside (phanginin I), terpenoids (cartormin) in ethyl acetate extract, polyphenols (mulberrofuran C) and phenylpropanoids (schisanhenol) in methanolic extract, and phenylpropanoids (schisanhenol), glycosides (bruceajavanin B) were found more in aqueous extract. In leaf extracts, saponin (ruvoside) was found in greater quantity in the hexane extract, alkaloids (3-phenylpyridine), and glycosides (cynanoside G) were the important phytochemical constituents found in the ethyl acetate extract. Polyphenols((8)-gingerol) and glycosides (chloranoside A) were found abundantly in the methanolic extract, whereas alkaloids (capsaicin) and polyphenols (sanggenol A) were found more in the aqueous extract. Conclusion The significant differences in the phytochemicals identified in the different solvent extractions of two parts of the plant C. mimosoides , along with the presence of a plethora of compounds in various extracts with numerous biological properties, make the plant a potential source for the discovery of newer molecules for further therapeutic applications.