Vitamin K as a Biological Cofactor in Osseointegration: a Literature Review

Modern implant dentistry is based on osseointegration, a biological phenomenon essential for implant stability and long-term success. Among influencing factors, nutritional aspects—especially vitamin K—have gained attention for enabling the carboxylation of key bone proteins such as osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein. This review assessed the influence of vitamin K on osseointegration, bone healing, and guided bone regeneration, in addition to implications for patients on anticoagulants. A qualitative systematic review was conducted across PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Scopus (2000 - 2025) with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings suggest that vitamin K, particularly MK-4 and MK-7, may enhance osseointegration and peri-implant bone quality—with potentially greater effects when combined with vitamin D and calcium. Vitamin K deficiency or use of antagonists may impair bone mineral density and increase implant failure risk. Vitamin K is a promising therapeutic avenue in implant dentistry, warranting clinical trials to establish supplementation protocols and local applications.