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Prospective analysis reveals gaps between Spain's energy plans and actual project outcomes, suggesting improved efficiency.
• Spanish NECP is less ambitious than the observed current expansion trends. • Spain requires dispatchable sources due to battery costs and limited energy capacity. • Spanish system will face high renewable curtailment and low nodal self-sufficiency. • Policy targets do not reproduce system outcomes implied by actual project deployment. • Project-authorised scenario meets emission targets at lower cost than NECP.
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Mortera-Canga et al. (2026) studied this question.
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