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Within the trend of Industry 4.0, a key requirement for wireless industrial automation is the demand for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC). However, currently deployed cellular technologies are not yet capable of providing the performance necessary to support the demands of future industrial real-time applications. To meet the increasing requirements for flexibility, coverage, and reliability, network topologies incorporating peer-to-peer (P2P) communication are under investigation. In this paper, simulations of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) that consists of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) operating on a modern factory floor are presented, along with a reliability analysis. The movement of AGVs is simulated using an empirical mobility model, and a ray tracing (RT) simulator is employed to compute coverage maps of an industrial environment. Network performance is evaluated based on the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required to achieve an outage probability of 10−5. Results indicate that increasing the number of AGVs enhances network reliability due to path diversity. However, this also increases the number of hops required for reliable communication, thereby reducing the throughput capacity of the system. Consequently, the throughput capacity of the MANET is calculated to determine the optimal number of AGVs needed to maximize throughput while meeting stringent reliability constraints.
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Schoettler et al. (2025) studied this question.