Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Countries in Europe, through the European Union, are creating, as part of the market and its governance, a new policy space in education. It is being formed through law, regulation, networking and harmonization. The development of standards across the different fields of policy, statistical calculation and commerce underpins and extends the creation of policy spaces. Europeanization processes in education have some subtle and yet powerful features created through measurement and standardization. They may have a technical form but they are knowledge based, policy driven and exclude politics. Europe is at the leading edge of new forms of governance in education.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Martin Lawn (2011) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: