Association between cumulative duration of deep anesthesia and postoperative acute kidney injury after noncardiac surgeries: a retrospective observational study

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Study flow chart. BIS, bispectral index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure.

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  Figure 2.. Association between the cumulative duration of BIS < 45 and postoperative AKI. Restricted cubic spline models were used to visualize the shape, with 0 min as the reference value. Solid lines and shaded areas denote ORs and 95% CIs, respectively. Figure 2A, unadjusted. Figure 2B, adjusting for preoperative covariates. Figure 2C, adjusting for preoperative and intraoperative covariates. AKI, acute kidney injury; BIS, bispectral index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; refvalue, reference value.

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  Figure 3.. Sensitivity analysis. Solid lines and shaded areas denote ORs and 95% CIs, respectively. The reference value was 0 min. Figure 3A, restricted cubic splines for postoperative AKI according to the cumulative duration of BIS < 40. Figure 3B, adjusted for preoperative variables, the duration of MAP below 75 mmHg and other intraoperative variables. Figure 3C, adjusted for preoperative variables, the duration of MAP below 55 mmHg and other intraoperative variables. Figure 3D, adjusted for preoperative variables, the duration of MAP 65-75 mmHg, 55-65 mmHg and < 55 mmHg, and other intraoperative variables. Figure 3E, excluding patients without any postoperative Cr measurements. Figure 3F, excluding patients with missing data. AKI, acute kidney injury; BIS, bispectral index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.