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Spyware is the latest epidemic security threat for Internet users. There are various types of spyware programs (see Table 1) creating serious problems such as copying and sending personal information, consuming CPU power, reducing available bandwidth, annoying users with endless pop-ups, and monitoring users' computer usage. As spyware makes the Internet a riskier place and undermines confidence in online activities, Internet users stop purchasing at online stores---a consequence that clearly disrupts e-business.
Lee et al. (Mon,) studied this question.