Water, conflict, and peace: a decade of developments

This article examines the evolving relationship between water, conflict, and peace over the past decade. It analyses transboundary disputes, ranging from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam to the Helmand River alongside attacks on water infrastructure in Ukraine, Gaza, and Syria, leaving millions without access to safe water. Despite advancements in international legal frameworks to protect water and access to water services, the analysis underscores persistent gaps in implementation and enforcement. The article identifies priority areas for strengthening water protection and cooperation: consolidating legal norms, enhancing accountability mechanisms, integrating scientific approaches, adopting inclusive governance, and embedding water security in peacebuilding efforts.