Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The various schools of or approaches to management theory that I identified nearly two decades ago, and called “the management theory jungle,” are reconsidered. What is found now are eleven distinct approaches, compared to the original six, implying that the “jungle” may be getting more dense and impenetrable. However, certain developments are occurring which indicate that we may be moving more than people think toward a unified and practical theory of management.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Harold Koontz (1980) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: