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As the penetration of photovoltaic (PV) generation increases, there is a growing operational demand on PV systems to participate in microgrid frequency regulation. It is expected that future distribution systems will consist of multiple microgrid clusters. However, interconnecting PV microgrids may lead to system interactions and instability. To date, no research work has been done to analyze the dynamic behavior and enhance the stability of microgrid clusters considering the dynamics of the PV primary sources and dc links. To fill this gap, this paper presents comprehensive modeling, analysis, and stabilization of PV-based multiple microgrid clusters. A detailed small-signal model for PV-based microgrid clusters considering local adaptive dynamic droop control mechanism of the voltage-source PV system is developed. The complete dynamic model is then used to access and compare the dynamic characteristics of the single microgrid and interconnected microgrids. In order to enhance system stability of the PV microgrid clusters, a tie-line flow and stabilization strategy is proposed to suppress the introduced interarea and local oscillations. Robustly selecting of the key control parameters is transformed to a multiobjective optimization problem which is solved by genetic algorithm. The proposed damping controller can effectively damp the power oscillations and provide robust control performance under variable operating conditions. Theoretical analysis, simulation results under various scenarios are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Zhao et al. (Mon,) studied this question.