Frequency offset estimation algorithms for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation based on the maximization of the periodogram of fourth-power samples have been investigated. In this letter, a low complexity estimation algorithm using interpolated discrete Fourier transform approach is introduced to replace the gradient descent (GD) or the chirp z transform (CZT) methods. The numerical simulations and complexity analysis demonstrate that the proposed estimator has much lower computational complexity than that of GD and CZT without performance degradation.
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Xiao et al. (2015) studied this question.
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