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While a great number of immunotherapy strategies are promising in treating many types of cancer via targeting and strengthening adaptive immune responses, finding antitumor strategies through facilitating the innate immune response is still an urgent need in treating broader types of tumor. Previous studies have shown that GSK-3β could affect the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) which aids in the transformation of M2 macrophages to M1, slowing the development of cancer tumors. In this study, we analyzed the potential immunotherapy approach for treating glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer that is highly refractory to conventional treatment by using GSK-3β inhibitors to manipulate macrophage polarization via TLR-3 and TLR-4. The success of this study could bring up a new target for regulating the tumor progression.
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Liu et al. (2021) studied this question.