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A metamorphosis in the etiology of valvular heart disease (VHD) has occurred over the last 6 decades. In this review, the factors contributing to this metamorphosis, the common causes of VHD today, the relationship of valvular calcification to atherosclerosis and the interrelationship of VHD with other systems/organs are presented.
Boudoulas et al. (2013) studied this question.