Why the study?
The comparative effect of surgical versus medical treatment on cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality in established primary aldosteronism required evaluation.
Does surgical or medical treatment of primary aldosteronism improve cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality compared to treated essential hypertension?
Does surgical or medical treatment of primary aldosteronism improve cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality compared to treated essential hypertension?
Surgical treatment of primary aldosteronism is associated with reduced all-cause mortality and no excess CVD risk compared to essential hypertension, whereas medical treatment is associated with higher CVD risk.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of surgical or medical treatment on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality in patients with established primary aldosteronism (PA). METHODS: We searched PUBMED, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library for the meta-analysis. We included patients who were diagnosed with PA following guideline-supported protocols and received surgery or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA)-based medical treatment, and age-sex matched patients with treated essential hypertension (EH). Primary endpoints were CVD incidence and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Compared with EH, patients with treated PA had a higher risk of CVD [odds ratio (OR) 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-2.31]. This elevated risk was only observed in patients with medically treated PA [OR 2.11; 95%CI 1.88-2.38] but not in those with surgically treated PA. The risk of all-cause mortality was significantly lower in patients with treated PA [OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.95] compared to EH. The reduced risk was only observed in patients with surgically treated PA [OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.34-0.66], but not in those with medically treated PA. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with medically treated PA have a higher risk of CVD compared to patients with EH. Surgical treatment of PA reduces the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in patients with PA.
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Jing et al. (2021) studied this question.
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