The study derives the equilibrium equation for both sharp and diffuse liquid-vapor interfaces, indicating mathematical relationships between surface tension and model parameters.
We study both diffuse and sharp liquid-vapor interfaces. The equilibrium equation of fluids is derived by using the principle of virtual work in a domain including the interfaces. For diffuse interfaces, the surface tension coefficient depends on the density profile across the interface. For sharp interfaces, the liquid-vapor layer is mathematically represented by a geometric surface and its specific energy is a Dirac delta function at the surface. We compare the both approaches and find relations between the surface tension coefficient and parameters of the models.
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Gavrilyuk et al. (2026) studied this question.
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