Electromagnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of a dusty hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk in a porous medium

Momentum and thermal transport characteristics of a two-phase dusty Eyring–Powell hybrid nanofluid induced by a rotating disk in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium are numerically analysed under electromagnetohydrodynamic conditions. The working fluid comprises blood filled with Ag–Cu hybrid nanoparticles, while shear-dependent viscosity is modelled through the Eyring–Powell constitutive relation. To account for dust–fluid interactions, a two-phase model incorporates interphase momentum and heat transfer processes. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically using the MATLAB built-in solver bvp4c. The effects of porous resistance, inertial drag, electromagnetic field intensity, dust-interaction parameters, thermal Biot number, internal heat generation, and nanoparticle concentration on velocity distributions, temperature fields, skin friction coefficients, and heat-transfer rates are systematically examined. The numerical results show that while surface convection and more nanoparticles improve heat-transfer efficiency, porous drag, electromagnetic forces, and non-Newtonian effects significantly reduce momentum transport. Effective interphase interaction is essential for the momentum and heat transfer between the fluid and dust phases. These results provide a physical understanding of EMHD-controlled transport phenomena in rotating porous configurations pertinent to magnetically regulated blood transport in rotating biomedical devices.