Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Research in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: A Mapping Scoping Review of Epidemiology, Clade, and Research Priority Gaps

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to pose a substantial public health challenge within Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This scoping review systematically examines geographic distribution, methodological characteristics, and thematic priorities of published research, while identifying critical evidence gaps. A total of 171 peer-reviewed studies on human MERS-CoV were included, with a marked predominance from Saudi Arabia (88.3%). Research output peaked in 2016 and 2019, followed by a decline coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional designs were most common (43.3%), with widespread reliance on non-probability sampling (95.3%). Epidemiology and surveillance constituted the primary research focus (~24%), with case fatality rate being the most frequently reported metric (43.9%). Limited genomic investigations were identified, with Clade B representing 71.4% of characterized strains. Overall, the evidence base reflects geographic concentration, methodological heterogeneity, and thematic limitations, underscoring the need for expanded research scope and enhanced regional collaboration.