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Bobwhite quail, like the rat, learn in one trial to avoid flavored water when illness is induced by a drug (1/2) 12 hour after drinking. In contrast to the rat, quail also learn to avoid water that is merely darkened by vegetable dye. The visual cue is even more salient than the taste cue in quail.
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Wilcoxon et al. (1971) studied this question.
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