Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
PURPOSE: To enable all personnel involved with laparoscopy to obtain cheap and ready practice in a variety of situations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A number of components are required to practice laparoscopic techniques: a cavity, lighting, video imaging, instruments, operating sutures, etc. and operative tissue. Alternative ways of using contemporary, cheap, readily available materials and resources such as a Web camera and a cardboard box are described to construct a fully functioning laparoscopic trainer. CONCLUSION: These readily available techniques offer simple and effective laparoscopic practice for both novices and experienced laparoscopists.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Anthony Blacker (2005) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: