A Review on Chamomile and Fennel Seeds-Based Elixirs for Rapid Neutralization of Gastric Acid

Gastric hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) represent significant global healthcare burdens, often necessitating long-term pharmacological intervention. While proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and mineral antacids are the standard of care, their limitations—including rebound acid hypersecretion and systemic side effects—have prompted a re-evaluation of botanical alternatives. This review examines the pharmacological potential of elixirs derived from Matricaria chamomilla (German Chamomile) and Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel seeds) for the rapid neutralization of gastric acid. These botanicals provide a dual-action therapeutic profile: direct chemical buffering of hydrochloric acid and biological modulation of the gastric secretory apparatus. M. chamomilla contributes a rich array of flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin) and essential oils (bisabol, chamazulene) that exert potent anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic effects. Simultaneously, F. vulgare provides prokinetic benefits through anethole and fenchone, specifically accelerating the clearance of acidic refluxate by stimulating antral contractions while relaxing the gastric fundus. Evidence from standardized formulations, such as STW 5, demonstrates an acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) comparable to commercial mineral antacids, with the added benefit of inhibiting secondary hyperacidity and enhancing mucosal barrier function via the regulation of prostaglandin E2 and the STAT1 pathway. This review synthesizes current phytochemical, in vitro, and clinical data to establish a comprehensive framework for the utilization of chamomile-fennel elixirs as rapid-acting, multifaceted gastroprotective agents.