Navigating the Processes and Products of The Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model: A Systematic Literature Review

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The Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model has been widely utilized in school-based and out-of-school sports and physical activity settings to promote children’s meaningful and transferable life skills. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to identify the process elements and the product outcomes of TPSR-based programs. Based on a systematic literature screening process, 41 articles were included for a systematic process of deductive and inductive analysis. Three themes were identified as process elements, including creating a positive learning environment, promoting leadership, and facilitating transfer. Four themes were found as product outcomes, including positive behavioral changes, improved interpersonal skills, enhanced emotional processes, and improved academic performance. This literature review presented key strategies and extensive outcomes of TPSR-based programs. The review also provided future recommendations for TPSR-based programs and studies, including collaborative efforts between multiple stakeholders, a focus on children’s physical and psychomotor development, and the utilization of a mixed-methods approach.