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March 13, 2025Circulation ResearchOpen Access

Intrauterine devices, implants, and progestin-only methods may be safely used by the vast majority of patients with cardiac disease, whereas estrogen-containing methods may be associated with increased risks in certain cardiac disease states.

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Why the study?

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of US maternal mortality, yet contraception can prevent mortality and morbidity from unplanned pregnancy in patients with congenital or acquired heart disease.

What are the safe and effective contraceptive methods for patients with underlying congenital or acquired heart disease based on the 2024 US Medical Eligibility Criteria?

Population

Patients with underlying congenital or acquired heart disease

Design

Review

Authors

KSKayle ShaperoTMTessa Madden

Discussion

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Overview

May guide contraceptive counseling in cardiac patients; leaves open need for prospective validation of estrogen risks.

Structured PICO

What are the safe and effective contraceptive methods for patients with underlying congenital or acquired heart disease based on the 2024 US Medical Eligibility Criteria?

P
Population
Patients with underlying congenital or acquired heart disease
I
Intervention
Contraceptive methods (intrauterine devices, implants, progestin-only methods, estrogen-containing methods)

This review highlights that intrauterine devices, implants, and progestin-only contraceptives are safe and highly effective for most patients with cardiac disease, while estrogen-containing methods carry higher risks.

Cite This Study

Shapero et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1be3ceea84844e355f217ehttps://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.125.325682
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Contraception for the Cardiac Patient: a Cardiologist’s Primer2020 · 4 citations
  2. 2Contraception in Women with Cardiac Disease2007 · 7 citations
  3. 3Contraceptive Counseling and Options in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease2026
  4. 4A review of contraceptive methods for women with cardiac disease2018 · 13 citations
  5. 5Kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan kadınlarda kontrasepsiyon ve danışmanlık2023