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Ubiquitous learning environments have an increasing trend considering the huge number of connected smart devices dedicated to educational services. Ubiquitous learning (U-learning) provides to students the possibility to learn at anyplace and anytime within the collaborative environment using interactive multimedia system that enables effective communication among teacher and learners. The architecture of ubiquitous learning environment (ULE) still suffers from the problems of vulnerability. Blockchain (BC) technology recently explored to provide much more privacy and security using essentially peer-to-peer (P2P) networks has a significant role in the development of decentralized topologies. This paper expounds a novel BC-based architecture for ULE that preserves the benefits of security and privacy. The architecture offers new opportunities to design secured collaborative learning system. It provides data exchange with BC using trust methods within the decentralized topology. The evaluation of this implemented system demonstrates its efficiency while it delivers security and privacy for ULE.
Bdiwi et al. (Sat,) studied this question.