Left ventricular hypertrophy in young hypertensives: the possible crosstalk of mTOR and angiotensin-II -a case-control study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. shows the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy using Echocardiography (a), Sokolow-Lyon (b), Cornell’s voltage criteria (c), and Cornell’s product criteria (d)

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  Fig. 2. shows LVM (a) and LVMI (b) in normotensive, HTN with or without LVH. Values are represented as median and analysed by Kruskal-Wallis. (*P < 0.05 vs. NORM; #p < 0.05 vs. HWOLVH). NORM (Normotensive); HWOLVH (Hypertension without left ventricular hypertrophy); HWLVH (Hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy); LVM (Left Ventricular Mass); LVMI (Left Ventricular Mass Index)

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  Fig. 3. shows atherogenic lipids TC/HDL (a) TG/HDL (b) and LDLC (c) in normotensive, HTN with or without LVH. Values are represented as median and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis. *P < 0.05 vs. NORM, #<0.05 vs. HWOLVH. LDLC (Low-density lipoprotein); HDLc (High-density lipoprotein); TC (Total cholesterol); TG (Triglyceride)

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  Fig. 4. shows Troponin -T (a) and Galectin − 3 (b) in normotensive, HTN with or without LVH. Values are represented as median and analysed by Kruskal-Wallis. *P < 0.05 vs. NORM, #<0.05 vs. HWOLVH

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  Fig. 5. shows Chemerin (a) and NF-kb (b) in normotensive, HTN with or without LVH. Values are represented as median and analysed by Kruskal-Wallis. *P < 0.05 vs. NORM, *<0.05 vs. HWOLVH. NF-Kβ (nuclear factor kappa B)

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  Fig. 6. shows mTOR (a) and Ang II (b) in normotensive, HTN with or without LVH. Values are represented as median and analysed by Kruskal-Wallis. *P < 0.05 vs. NORM, #<0.05 vs. HWOLVH. Ang II (Angiotensin II); mTOR (mammalian target organ of rapamycin)

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  Fig. 7. shows the correlation between Galectin (a), Chemerin (b), NF-Kβ (c), Troponin T (d) and mTOR in HWLVH. Galectin (r = 0.063, p = 0.048), Chemerin (r = -0.107, p = 0.663) β, NF-Kβ (r = -0.176, p = 0.470) #, troponin-T (r = 0.178, p = 0.465) #, NF-Kβ (nuclear factor kappa B); HWLVH (Hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy). βPearson correlation; #Spearman correlation.

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  Fig. 8. shows the correlation between LDL (a), TG/HDL (b), TC/HDL (c) and mTOR in HWLVH. LDL (r = 0.345, p= 0.147) #, TG/HDL (r = -0.0777, p = 0.752*) β, TC/HDL (r = 0.0985, p = 0.688) #, HWLVH (Hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy) LDL (Low-density lipoprotein); HDL (High-density lipoprotein); TC (Total cholesterol); TG (Triglyceride). βPearson correlation; #Spearman correlation

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  Fig. 9. shows the correlation between Ang II (a), LVM (b), LVMI (c) and mTOR in HWLVH. Ang-II (r = 0.489, p = 0.034) * #; LVM (r = 0.419, p = 0.06) β; LVMI (r = 0.210, p = 0.417) #; Ang II (Angiotensin II). βPearson correlation; #Spearman correlation; *statistically significant (p < 0.05)