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The dynamic behaviours of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) make their cutting-edge technology for power grid applications. A BESS must have a Battery Management System (BMS) for dependable, efficient, and risk-free operation. With an emphasis on BESSs and the control strategies for their state-of-charge (SoC) balancing, this article thoroughly reviews energy storage systems (ESSs) on a grid scale. It delves into the future of grid-scale BESSs and the function of ESS, focusing on Li-ion battery systems and drawing attention to the essential features and integration hurdles of Li-ion cells. This review examines the many sides, specifically the cost-benefit analysis, operational efficiencies, and financial incentives that push people to use ESSs. To further improve energy storage and utilization, the article delves into managing hybrid storage systems, which combine photovoltaics (PV), batteries, and supercapacitors. Innovative solutions and technological advancements are the main focus of this examination of current trends in power conversion systems (PCS) associated with BESSs. Finally, future developments in energy storage technology are discussed and how they could solve current problems while making the grid more stable and reliable.
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Ahmad et al. (2025) studied this question.
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