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Following the announced (2016) deprecation of the twitteR package (Gentry, 2013), R users seeking to interact with Twitter APIs have been encouraged to use the rtweet package. Use of the up-to-date and actively-maintained rtweet package is especially important in light of changes to Twitter's APIs since 2016. Most notably is the increased character limit (from 140 to 280) for Twitter statuses In addition to providing an updated interface with similar functionality to twitteR, allowing R users to communicate with various endpoints from Twitter's REST API, the rtweet package also provides support for communicating with Twitter's stream API.
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Michael W. Kearney (2019) studied this question.
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