Key result
Elite female soccer players exhibited significant adaptive cardiac remodeling compared to sedentary controls, including decreased left ventricular global radial strain (37.33% vs 47.04%).
Why the study?
Intense continuous exercise provokes adaptive remodeling phenotypes in athletes, prompting a comparison of myocardial remodeling in female athletes versus sedentary women and between older and younger athletes.
Does intense continuous exercise induce adaptive myocardial remodeling and changes in myocardial deformation in elite female athletes compared to sedentary controls?
Cross-Sectional (n=82)
No
Does intense continuous exercise induce adaptive myocardial remodeling and changes in myocardial deformation in elite female athletes compared to sedentary controls?
Elite female soccer players exhibit adaptive cardiac remodeling with increased chamber dimensions and altered resting myocardial deformation, suggesting an increased contractile reserve that becomes more pronounced with longer training history.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports physiologic remodeling in elite female athletes; extends male-centric data but leaves open need for sex-specific norms and outcomes.
Background: Intense continuous exercise provokes adaptive remodeling phenotypes in athletes, the parameters of which can be evaluated through conventional echocardiography and myocardial deformation.We compared myocardial remodeling in female athletes (athlete group) with sedentary women of the same age range (control group) and between older and younger athletes.Methods: A total of 57 female soccer players and 25 healthy sedentary women were selected.The athlete group was subdivided into a main group and those under 17 years of age (< 17 group).The dimensions and systolic and diastolic function of the cardiac chambers and myocardial deformation (longitudinal and circumferential, as well as radial strain and rotational mechanics) was determined through echocardiography, using the Z statistic with a significance level of p< 0.05. Results:The mean age of the athlete, control, main, and < 17 groups was 22.1 (SD, 6.3); 21.2 (SD, 5.0); 26.5 (SD, 5.1); 16.5 (SD, 0.6) years, respectively.Weight, body mass index and heart rate were lower in the athlete group.Wall thickness, left ventricular mass index, left atrial (LA) volume, ejection fraction, and right ventricular dimensions were higher in athlete group, but remained within normal ranges.Regarding myocardial deformation, there was decreased radial strain, basal rotation, apical rotation, and twisting in the athlete group, suggesting a contractile reserve mechanism.These parameters were lesser in the main athlete group, who also had greater wall thickness, greater volume in the left atrium (LA) and larger size in the right ventricle (RV), suggesting that increased contractile reserve is related to longer time spent in the sport.Conclusions: In female athletes who had undergone intense long-term training, we observed adaptive remodeling of the cardiac chambers and increased contractile reserve (at rest), and these changes were more pronounced in those with longer involvement in the sport.
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Castillo et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy individuals (elite athletes vs sedentary) (n=82). Elite soccer training vs. Sedentary lifestyle was evaluated on Left ventricular global radial strain (%) (p=<0.0001). Elite female soccer players exhibited significant adaptive cardiac remodeling compared to sedentary controls, including decreased left ventricular global radial strain (37.33% vs 47.04%).
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