Investigating the effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG and High-intensity Interval Training on Apelin Gene Expression and APJ Receptor in Heart Tissues of Male Rats with Fatty Liver Disease

Background and Objectives: Occurrence of fatty liver disease-known as steatotic liver disease-is increasing, which is associated to cardiovascular diseases.One of the signaling pathways of this disease is APELIN/APJ.Of the treatment methods for fatty liver, modification of lifestyle through exercises and the use of probiotic supplements can be stated. Materials & Methods:In this experimental study, 40 male rats with an average weight of 200-250 g were randomly divided into five groups of eight rats, including healthy control, steatosis, exercise and steatosis, probiotic and steatosis and exercise, probiotic and steatosis.To induce steatosis in rats, 10 mg/kg of high-fat emulsion were daily administrated to the rats using nasogastric or NG tubes.The steatosis groups received 10 9 CFU/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus daily for 5 w (5 d/w) using NG tubes.In addition, the exercise groups did high-intensity interval trainings for 5 w.Data analysis was carried out at p 0.05 using SPSS v.28 and by parametric one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni Correction method. Results:The expression of Apelin (p = 0.016) and APJ (p = 0.001) genes was decreased in the steatosis, exercise and probiotic group, which could affect exercises and use of probiotic supplements. Conclusion:Receiving probiotics with high-intensity interval trainings can prevent expression of the APELIN/APJ pathway in rats.