Neuroimaging, neuromodulation, and population health: the neuroscience of chronic disease prevention

Figures

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  Figure 1. Anatomical regions of the brain involved in health communication and behavioral processes pertaining to disease prevention. dLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; lPFC, lateral prefrontal cortex; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; dmPFC, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex; vmPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, VTA, ventral tegmental area; NAcc, nucleus accumben.

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  Figure 2. Illustration of findings from studies using a “brain‐as‐predictor” approach revealing independent associations between reward cue‐related activity (green box) or regulation‐related activity (response inhibition, reappraisal; red box) and real‐world health outcomes in the domains of smoking, eating, and drinking. Noninvasive brain stimulation interventions designed to excite activity in the lateral PFC have been associated with positive dietary health outcomes (yellow box).

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  Figure 3. Evolutionary timescale for primates (hominids) contrasted with energy demand and food access characteristics.

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  Figure 4. Social cognition pertaining to calorie‐dense foods following initial sampling of such foods; higher scores indicate more positive attitudes, more permissive perceived norms, and lower perceived control ratings in relation to calorie‐dense foods. Active, active cTBS stimulation targeting the left dlPFC; Sham, sham stimulation. Adapted from Hall and colleagues.169