Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise Testing

Figures

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  Figure 1. Representative illustration of computer plots showing agreement between the (a) excess CO2 (ExCO2); (b) ventilatory equivalent (VEQ); and (c) modified v-slope methods for determination of the ventilatory threshold (VT) using expired gas data. Open circles indicate 20 s average expired gas data points and solid lines indicate regression lines fitted to the pre-VT and post-VT segments of the data set.

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  Figure 2. Plasma concentrations of (a) nitrate (NO3−) and (b) nitrite (NO2−) following ingestion of a red spinach extract (RSE; ●) and placebo (PBO; ○) at baseline (BL), 65–75 min following ingestion (PRE), and immediately following graded exercise testing (POST). Data are presented as mean absolute values in μM concentrations ± SD. When a significant time*treatment interaction was observed, post-hoc tests were performed using Student’s paired t-tests. * Significantly different from baseline within conditions (p < 0.01). † significantly different between conditions at the same time point (p < 0.01), respectively).

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  Figure 3. Graded exercise testing (GXT) performance outcomes following acute ingestion of a red spinach extract (RSE; ●) and placebo (PBO; ○). Condition means ± SD, as well as individual values, are presented for (a) time-to-exhaustion (in minutes), (b) relative VO2 peak (in mL/kg/min), and (c) observed ventilatory threshold (in L O2/min) during the Bruce protocol GXT. Student’s paired t-tests were performed to compare performance between conditions. * Significantly different between conditions (p < 0.05).