Key result
Hypoxia induced factor plays a prominent role in the tumour macro- and microenvironment by modulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines.
This review highlights the role of various factors, particularly hypoxia-induced factor, in modulating the proinflammatory environment associated with cancer cachexia and metastasis.
HIF modulation in tumor inflammation merits targeted trials; leaves open effects on cachexia and metastasis.
The development of the syndrome of cancer cachexia and that of metastasis are related with a poor prognostic for cancer patients. They are considered multifactorial processes associated with a proinflammatory environment, to which tumour microenvironment and other tissues from the tumour bearing individuals contribute. The aim of the present review is to address the role of ghrelin, myostatin, leptin, HIF, IL-6, TNF-α, and ANGPTL-4 in the regulation of energy balance, tumour development, and tumoural cell invasion. Hypoxia induced factor plays a prominent role in tumour macro- and microenvironment, by modulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Neto et al. (2015) conducted a review in Cancer cachexia and metastasis. Hypoxia induced factor plays a prominent role in the tumour macro- and microenvironment by modulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines.
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