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= 9) parents. Sessions were videotaped and coded for all ASL signs, gaze and attention-getting cues. Across all participants, 30% of sign tokens were fully perceived, and an additional 17% were partially perceived. Factors predicting sign perception included child age, having a deaf parent, and the sign's position in the utterance. Our findings suggest that parents using ASL are sensitive to their child's gaze and time their utterances so they are most likely to be seen.
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Gappmayr et al. (2026) studied this question.
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