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This paper describes the results of a study focusing on effectiveness and participation in strategic planning and their inter‐relationships. The work reported is a comparative study of ten, diverse organizations in the United Kingdom. The paper sets out the frameworks for effectiveness and participation against which the empirical work took place; describes the results of the analysis undertaken; and postulates a number of theories concerning effective planning practice and its relation to participation in the system.
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Dyson et al. (1982) studied this question.
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