The paper describes the factors leading to the invention of p.c.m., and the form first devised by A.H. Reeves. It outlines the development of early p.c.m. telephone systems up to about 1960, with emphasis on developments of which the author has personal experience. It surveys the life and work of the inventor, including his later ideas on encoding. Finally, it brings to light a little-known precursor of p.c.m., a form of picture telegraph invented by P.M. Rainey in 1921.
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K.W. Cattermole (1979) studied this question.
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