QT interval and short-term outcome in acute heart failure

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Flow chart for patient inclusion and patient distribution according to the QTc interval duration. ED emergency department, ECG electrocardiogram

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  Fig. 2. Restricted cubic spline curves showing the observed probability of primary and secondary outcomes according to the duration of the QTc interval duration

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  Fig. 3. Unadjusted and adjusted representation of the magnitude of the effect of QTc duration on the primary outcome (30-day all-cause mortality) expressed in a dose–response manner as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) taking QTc duration of 450 ms as reference. Tables on the right present some selected OR, with 95% CI (LL lower limit, UL upper limit), in the adjusted models. Bold numbers in table denote statistical significance (p < 0.05). Adjusted by baseline patient characteristics and characteristics of decompensation (Table 1). *Patients with left brunch-bundle block were eliminated in this sensitivity analysis. **QT duration was corrected with the Rautaharju’s formula in patients with left brunch-bundle block

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  Fig. 4. Adjusted* representation of the magnitude of the effect of QTc duration on the secondary outcomes (left: need of hospitalization; middle: in-hospital all-cause mortality; right: prolonged hospitalization) expressed in a dose–response manner expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) taking QTc duration of 450 ms as reference. Tables beside graphs present some selected OR, with 95% CI (LL lower limit, UL upper limit). Bold numbers in table denote statistical significance (p < 0.05). *Adjusted by baseline patient characteristics and characteristics of decompensation (Table 1)

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  Fig. 5. Analysis of interactions in the adjusted model (with imputation) for 20 selected variables in the relationship between QTc interval duration and the primary outcome (30-day all-cause mortality). Bold p values denote statistical significance (< 0.05). NYHA Ney York Health Association, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, RAS renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, MRA mineralocorticosterid receptor antagonists, OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval