Design of efficient massive MIMO for 5G systems — Present and past: A review

In this survey paper, the ground work on Massive Multiple Input - Multiple Output (mMIMO) is concentrated by studying the various existing techniques in the system design for fifth generation wireless communications. The service quality of 5G systems can be enhanced in terms of throughput, latency, peak data rate along with spectral and energy efficiency. Though there exist, new methodologies, techniques and architectures including Cognitive Radio Networks, D2D communications for designing and implementing 5G networks, the mMIMO utilizes spatial multiplexing for capacity improvement and remains robust across intentional jamming thereby playing a key aspect in the 5G system development. The efficient design of mMIMO still remains an open problem in the present research. This paper analyses the existing techniques in the development of mMIMO specifically concentrating on energy & spectral efficiency and discusses the challenges in the system design.