Maintaining proper membrane humidity is crucial to ensure optimal operation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system. A membrane humidifier using the fuel cell exhaust gas to humidify the dry air is studied in this paper. We first develop a thermodynamic model, which captures the crucial dynamic variables of the humidifier, including the pressure, flow rate, temperature, and relative humidity of the air flow. Steady-state simulations are then conducted to optimize the humidifier design. Subsequently, dynamic simulations are performed to predict the behavior of the humidifier during transient operations typical for automotive applications. A simple proportional controller was designed to control the humidifier operation.
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Chen et al. (2004) studied this question.
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