The Canadian Cancer Society estimated 5900 new cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 1750 related deaths in Canada in 2012. 1 RCC is the sixth and eleventh most common cancer diagnosed in Canadian men and women, respectively, and its incidence has been rising by about 2.3% per year, including the period from 2005 to 2009. 2 Much of this rise is attributed to incidental detection via abdominal imaging for other causes. Most of these RCCs have been small renal masses (SRMs), defined as solid-appearing masses less than 4 cm in maximum diameter. ereditary RCC syndromes are well-described, but account for a minority of incidental findings. Other wellrecognized risk factors include cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension and chronic renal failure.
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Rendon et al. (2014) studied this question.
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