Water Loss Rates and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Model Cake Systems Made With Different Emulsification Systems

Five emulsifier combinations as well as hydrogenated vegetable shortening and unemulsified oil controls were tested in a research cake formula. Water loss and temperatures were monitored continuously during baking in a specially constructed environmental oven. Both the water loss rate and rate of temperature increase were depressed in the temperature ranges associated with starch gelatinization. The degree of depression was related to the emulsification system. Granule swelling as observed by scanning electron microscopy of the crumb was not greatly different, but the characteristics of the inter‐granule matrix appeared to be related to the concentration of emulsifier.