Affordances, motivation, and the design of user interfaces

How do we design user interfaces with affordances that make these tools "ready to hand" for their users? Current user interfaces do not display the kind of affordances that a hammer or a doorknob does for a user in the physical world. We are not there yet, but there is progress in this direction. One might assume there is progress because we are developing more natural technologies-speech recognition and output, and AFFORDANCES, MOTIVATION,